Une recherche togolaise et béninoise sur le « Dji Kui »
Il s’agit d’une recherche psychopathologique et anthropologique menée conjointement par des psychiatres de Lomé (Togo), de Cotonou et de Parakou (Bénin). Cette étude concerne l’aire culturelle Adja Fon et Adja Ewé située au sud de ces deux pays. Elle a été coordonnée par notre rédacteur (depuis décembre 2014) togolais, le Dr Kokou Messanh Agbémélé Soédjé, en binôme avec le Dr Guy Gérard Aza-Gnadji du Bénin, et fait l’objet d’un article dans le numéro 67 de la revue Psy Cause dont la parution est prévue dans quelques semaines. Cet article associe d’autres auteurs : pour le Togo, notre rédacteur Pr Simliwa Kolou Dassa ; et pour le Bénin, notre rédacteur Pr Mathieu C Tognidé, les Prs Josiane Ezin-Houngbé et Grégoire Magloire Gansou et les Drs Anselme Djidonou et Lucrèce Anaganou.
Le contrat social, nous disent ces auteurs, exige dans cette aire culturelle d’avoir un enfant. La stigmatisation de la femme stérile y symbolise cette obligation. L’article précise : « L’incapacité de certaines familles à assurer la descendance à cause des décès prématurés à répétition ou « le retour des enfants » retirés par la mort aussitôt arrivés dans le monde des vivants, ont des interprétations particulières. Cette situation amène à poser souvent des questions : qui est cet enfant qui vit ou « qui s’arrête dans la vie » après plusieurs avortements spontanés ou décès précoces malgré son destin funèbre ? Cet enfant au sud Togo s’appelle un « DJI KUI » dont la traduction littérale est « Nous avons fait un enfant pour la mort ». »
Les auteurs rapportent un cas clinique, celui d’un Dji Kui, c’est à dire d’un individu dont la naissance a fait suite chez une mère à une succession de fausses couches et de morts précoces de ses rejetons. Ils le dénomment Victor. « Victor, âgé de 30 ans, infirmier exerçant au bloc chirurgical, d’ethnie Mina, syncrétiste de religion, était reçu en consultation psychiatrique en Août 2011 au service de psychiatrie du Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire de Cotonou, accompagné par son frère, pour céphalées, insomnie totale et anxiété. Le début des céphalées remonterait à 20 ans. De manière périodique, environ trois fois par trimestre, s’associent des insomnies, une anxiété et des palpitations. De multiples démarches de soins dans les centres conventionnels de soins généraux, chez les christianistes célestes et les féticheurs guérisseurs n’ont pas eu de résultats favorables. » L’aggravation des symptômes amène une double consultation traditionnelle et psychiatrique. Dans un premier temps, une consultation traditionnelle « a révélé que « le maintien de Victor parmi les vivants » a été possible grâce à un rituel sur un autel consacré de son arrière grand-mère qui fut esclave de son arrière grand-père. Les maux dont il souffrait seraient du à l’abandon de ce rituel qui devait être perpétué. »
Les auteurs relèvent que « le cas Victor semble être celui du « Trône des ancêtres » ou « Togbé-zékpé » non honoré. » Cette catégorie d’autels est reliée « à la notion d’achat de personne ou esclave qui symbolisait autrefois la richesse. Il est recommandé d’élire un autel ou un trône à vénérer pour non seulement apaiser les esprits de l’étranger mais aussi faire accepter la personne achetée par les esprits résidants. L’achat d’une personne est un acte sacrilège sévèrement puni par les entités surnaturelles par l’infertilité dans la descendance si aucune cérémonie n’est pratiquée. Cet autel reste le garant de la pérennité de la descendance et de sa prospérité financière. »
La consultation psychiatrique a mis en évidence une surprotection du patient pendant son enfance, génératrice d’une dépendance anaclitique où le sujet est en lutte continue contre la dépression. « Le patient, autrefois enfant à destin funèbre, a choisi un métier où il est confronté à la mort au quotidien. » Il naissait après six décès consécutifs et bénéficia à sa naissance d’un rituel pour qu’il reste en vie. Ce rituel de promesse à un fétiche s’était accompagné de marques sur le visage destinées à lui fournir son identité de Dji Kui protégé. Les auteurs proposent une interprétation culturelle des céphalées ressenties par le patient : il s’agit d’une manifestation du spectre de la mort présent chez le Dji Kui : « vu la valeur anthropologique de la tête chez les Adja, les céphalées peuvent être interprétées comme ce spectre car il existe des cérémonies, de « Ta tro tro » ou « Ta wo wo », c’est-à-dire littéralement de reprise de la tête, indiquées pour ramener le mourant ou le condamné à la vie. »
Les auteurs concluent leur article, à lire dans le N°67 de la revue Psy Cause, sur la pertinence d’une approche multidimensionnelle de la prise en charge « conciliant la conception du patient, sa réalité culturelle et la vision du thérapeute. » Au total, ce travail transfrontalier centré sur une même aire culturelle nous propose une approche originale de la psychiatrie africaine.
Jean Paul Bossuat
onions
Noerenberg
Odorert
Nile
Hello. And Bye.
Hello. And Bye.
thank you very much
thanks, interesting read
not working
not working
interesting for a very long time
Thanks, +
very good
interesting post
Engaging the assistance of a lawyer for disabled individuals for claims concerning disabilities in Albuquerque region possesses great significance. People who seek the guidance of a attorney for disabilities in trials regarding disabilities can derive innumerable advantages and invaluable assistance in the disability claims process. These legal professionals have the necessary abilities, wisdom, and proficiency to successfully navigate the intricacies of the legal system and represent for their clients’ optimal welfare.
One of the main responsibilities of a attorney specializing in disabilities in trials regarding disabilities requires expertly leading and overseeing the legal proceedings. Attorneys specializing in disabilities stand out at navigating the complexities of disability court trials, which can be overwhelming for those unacquainted with the law system. By retaining the services of a lawyer for disabled individuals, individuals with disabilities greatly improve their likelihood of success in courts dealing with disabilities.
Throughout court proceedings for disability claims, a lawyer for disabled individuals plays a central and engaged position in providing crucial support. They vigorously collaborate with clients in drafting and filing applications for disability claims, petitions, and appeals, simplifying the procedure and making sure all necessary documentation is precisely provided. Additionally, lawyers for disabled individuals offer vital help during court proceedings related to disabilities, leveraging their professional expertise of disability laws and rules to offer counsel, recommendations, and advocacy.
The advantages of securing a lawyer for disabled individuals for disability claims are diverse. These attorneys provide specialized guidance and suggestions, providing their clients with a competitive edge in disability court trials. Through their comprehensive knowledge of the lawful environment, disability attorneys can successfully sail through the complex web of rules and statutes regulating disability claims, making sure that their clients’ entitlements are safeguarded and their utmost interests are advocated for.
Moreover, attorneys specializing in disabilities simplify the process of claiming disabilities, relieving the load on individuals with disabilities. They serve as champions, communicating with official institutions, insurance providers, and other applicable parties on behalf of their clients. This holistic support allows individuals with disabilities to direct on their well-being and private affairs, knowing that their claims related to disabilities are being handled with utmost care and attention to detail.
In the framework of claims related to disabilities in Albuquerque, it is critical to recognize the distinctive proficiency presented by lawyers focused on social security. These lawyers focus on social security legislation and rules, making them invaluable resources for individuals pursuing social security disability entitlements. Social security lawyers possess thorough understanding of the complex rules and procedures governing social security disability claims, enabling them to offer personalized guidance and direction to their clients.
By securing a lawyer for disabled individuals, individuals with disabilities gain access to a wealth of benefits and aid. These legal professionals serve as committed supporters, persistently fighting for their clients’ rights and entitlements. Attorneys specializing in disabilities grasp the obstacles faced by individuals with disabilities and work diligently to guarantee they obtain the benefits for disabilities they deserve.
In conclusion, the choice to secure a attorney specializing in disabilities is a critical one for individuals with disabilities seeking disability benefits in Albuquerque. These attorneys play a key function in making simpler the legal system, increasing the likelihood of success in court proceedings related to disabilities, and supplying knowledgeable guidance and suggestions tailored to their clients’ distinctive circumstances.
Securing the assistance of a lawyer for disabled individuals for claims related to disabilities in the city of Albuquerque carries great value. Individuals who look for the help of a lawyer specializing in disabilities in trials regarding disabilities can obtain numerous positive aspects and priceless support in the disability claims process. These legal professionals possess the necessary abilities, understanding, and proficiency to effectively navigate the complications of the legal system and stand up for their clients’ most favorable interests.
One of the principal roles of a lawyer for disabled individuals in court proceedings related to disabilities entails expertly guiding and managing the court proceedings. Lawyers for disabled individuals shine at maneuvering the intricacies of court proceedings on disabilities, which can be overwhelming for those not familiar with the judicial system. By employing the aid of a lawyer for disabled individuals, individuals with disabilities significantly enhance their chances of success in court for disability claims.
Throughout court proceedings for disability claims, a lawyer for disabled individuals plays a crucial and dynamic role in providing crucial support. They actively collaborate with clients in drafting and lodging claims applications for disabilities, petitions, and requests, streamlining the process and ensuring all essential paperwork is precisely provided. Additionally, lawyers for disabled individuals extend critical assistance during court proceedings related to disabilities, utilizing their professional knowledge of legislation on disabilities and rules to supply counsel, advice, and legal representation.
The positive aspects of securing a disability attorney for disability claims are diverse. These lawyers supply expert guidance and suggestions, providing their clients with a advantage in disability court trials. Through their comprehensive understanding of the judicial scenario, disability attorneys can successfully sail through the complicated structure of guidelines and statutes governing claims related to disabilities, making sure that their clients’ privileges are safeguarded and their utmost interests are advocated for.
Moreover, lawyers for disabled individuals facilitate the procedure for disability claims, relieving the burden on individuals with disabilities. They serve as champions, coordinating with official institutions, insurance companies, and other pertinent entities on behalf of their clients. This comprehensive support enables individuals with disabilities to direct on their well-being and personal matters, knowing that their claims concerning disabilities are being managed with utmost care and attention to detail.
In the context of claims concerning disabilities in Albuquerque region, it is critical to recognize the distinctive expertise provided by lawyers focused on social security. These lawyers focus on social security regulations and regulations, making them invaluable assets for individuals pursuing social security disability compensation. Social security lawyers have extensive expertise of the detailed regulations and processes governing social security disability claims, enabling them to provide customized guidance and counsel to their clients.
By acquiring a lawyer for disabled individuals, individuals with disabilities have access to a wealth of assets and aid. These lawyers serve as devoted champions, tirelessly striving for their clients’ claims and privileges. Lawyers for disabled individuals comprehend the challenges faced by individuals with disabilities and put in great effort to ensure they obtain the disability benefits they deserve.
In conclusion, the decision to acquire a disability attorney is a crucial one for individuals with disabilities seeking disability benefits in Albuquerque. These legal professionals play a key part in making simpler the legal process, maximizing the probability of success in court proceedings related to disabilities, and providing expert guidance and advice tailored to their clients’ distinctive situation.
Thanks, I’ve been looking for this for a long time
Elevating mountainous deck spaces with the incorporation of greenery through containers introduces a harmonious touch of nature to mountain living. Engaging in conversations that delve into the diverse types of plants thriving in mountainous environments, exploring suitable container options, and considering design considerations serves as an inspiring guide for community participants looking to enrich their outdoor spaces with colorful greenery. By sharing individual anecdotes with flowerpots for decks and offering upkeep advice, the society fosters a vibrant dialogue centered around creating inviting and lush highland deck areas.
Delving into the specifics of plant varieties that flourish in highland conditions becomes a critical aspect of this dialogue, shedding brightness on the distinctive characteristics that make them well-suited to highland environments. Exploring different container options opens routes for creativity, allowing individual persons to align their choices with the overall design aesthetics of their mountainous decks. Conversations on design factors, encompassing factors such as arrangement and location, provide helpful insights for producing visually enticing and natural deck landscapes.
The collaborative exchange of individual anecdotes with deck planters becomes a source of inspiration, offering functional insights into the challenges and successes of nurturing greenery in alpine settings. Upkeep advice shared within the society contribute to a joint understanding of how to ensure the longevity and vigor of highland deck landscapes. Through this exchange, community participants embark on a exploration of transforming their open-air areas into enticing hideaways that easily blend the elegance of nature with the unique charm of mountain living.
[URL=https://fortcollinsdecks.com/about/ – Affordable deck craftsmen in CO
Making tiny patios in alpine regions calls for a meticulous approach to space utilization, considering the unique obstacles displayed by the mountainous terrain. The method encompasses different approaches, ranging from the selection of compact furniture to the incorporation of multi-functional elements, all focused on enhancing the capacity of restricted areas. Engaging in discussions that examine detailed design concepts, imaginative organizational solutions, and discussing individual triumphs transforms into a source of inspiration for community participants seeking to maximize their compact deck spaces amidst the distinctive landscapes of mountainous situations.
Finding space-efficient furniture stands as a fundamental facet of designing compact decks, permitting individuals to make the most of the usable area without compromising on practicality or aesthetics. Incorporating multi-functional elements additionally enhances the flexibility of small deck spaces, providing functional solutions that cater to varied needs. These methods jointly contribute to a comprehensive approach that takes into consideration both the aesthetic appeal and function of tiny decks in highland locations.
Employing in conversations that dive into particular design plans transforms into a catalyst for creativity, supplying a stage for people to swap innovative ideas and answers tailored to highland environments. The discourse includes innovative storage solutions, addressing the difficulty of limited space with practical and visually appealing approaches to organization. Private success stories shared within the group become useful narratives, illustrating the viability and capacity of optimizing compact deck spaces in the special context of alpine regions.
Thru this collaborative share, forum members gain valuable insights and a wealth of concepts to apply to their own small deck projects, guaranteeing that each and every inch of space is thoughtfully utilized in creating practical, attractive, and efficient outdoor living areas in alpine locations.
[URL=https://fortcollinsdecks.com/about/ – Fort Collins outdoor living